ANTHROPOLOGY 389:
CULTURAL
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
FALL SEMESTER 2007
M/W 3:00-4:15; Room 110 EKH; 3 semester hours
INSTRUCTOR: Peter Mills, 264 EKH;
Email: millspAThawaii.edu
Phone 974-7465;
Office Hours: T/TH 12:30-1:30, W-9-12, or by appointment.
http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~anthro/mills.htm
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
In the first part of the course, we cover federal CRM legislation and the structure of federal CRM programs. We'll review some of the more important recent court cases in the U.S. from Forbes Cave, to Kennewick Man, to looting trials, and discuss civil suits related to historic preservation. In the second part of the course, we cover Hawai`i State legislation and look at the history of CRM in this state. We will attempt to bring in several guest speakers to discuss their viewpoints on this. Since I spent 2 years in the Massachusetts SHPO (State Historic Preservation Office), I'll contrast CRM here with that of Massachusetts. Hopefully, we'll come up with some different options for improving CRM in Hawai`i. The final part of the course will be class presentations and discussions on people's term projects‑‑ particularly the adopt‑a‑site program (see information at the end of this syllabus).
REQUIRED READINGS:
King, Thomas
2005 Doing Archaeology: A Cultural Resource Management Perspective. Walnut Creek: Alta Mira Press.
2001 Federal Planning and Historic Places: The Section 106 Process. 2001 Updated Printing. Walnut Creek: Alta Mira Press.
Other readings will be on reserve, provided as handouts, or in the library and/or available on the internet. Some of what you will be reading will be regulations and legislation. There is no way to make this incredibly fun, but it is incredibly important. When reading these regulations focus on understanding terms commonly found in the regulations (see the “definitions” provided at the beginning of most regulations) and how the review process works.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
Grading will be determined based upon the following:
Federal Legislation/Regulation Midterm 15%
2nd Midterm 15%
Attendance/Participation 10%
Term Project Presentation 10%
Term Project 25%
Final 25%
STUDENTS WITH DOCUMENTED DISABILITIES:
Any student with a documented disability who
would like to request accommodations should contact the University Disability
Services Office - Hale Kauanoe A Wing Lounge, 933-0816 (V), 933-3334 (TTY),
shirachi@hawaii.edu - as early in the semester as possible.
ADVISING
Advising is a very important resource designed to help students
complete the requirements of the University and their individual majors.
Students should consult with their advisor at least once a semester to decide
on courses, check progress towards graduation, and discuss career options and
other educational opportunities provided by UH-Hilo. Advising is a shared
responsibility, but students have final responsibility for meeting degree
requirements.
COURSE SCHEDULE
FEDERAL LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS AND PROGRAMS
M- August 20- Introduction to the Course (Begin Reading
Thomas King’s Doing Archaeology)
W-August 22- -History of Federal Legislation Affecting Archaeological Sites to the 1960s.
http://archnet.asu.edu/topical/crm/crmusdoc.html
M-August 27- Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 (as amended) http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/FHPL_HistPrsrvt.pdf , and 36 CFR 800 http://www.achp.gov/regs-rev04.pdf
W- August 29- Section 106 and 36 CFR 800 continued-
Determinations of eligibility and Traditional Cultural Properties / Places. http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins.htm
M-Sept. 3- No Class, Labor Day (Finish Reading Thomas King’s Doing Archaeology)
W Sept. 5- Bobby Camara- guest lecture: (Begin Reading Thomas King’s Federal Planning and Historic Places…)
M- Sept 10- Important agencies in the 106 process:
1) National Park Service http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/about.htm
2)
The Advisory Council for Historic Preservation. http://www.achp.gov/about.html
3) State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs) http://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/hpd/hpgreeting.htm
and the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers http://www.ncshpo.org/about/
TERM PROJECT PROPOSALS DUE
W- Sept. 12-Section 110 of NHPA-- is it for real?
M-Sept. 17- Looting and the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA)
http://archnet.asu.edu/topical/crm/usdocs/arpa79.html
and http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/archy/pothunting/
W Sept 19-The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) The Cases of Forbes Cave, Kennewick Man, and the J. S. Emerson Collection
http://archnet.asu.edu/topical/crm/usdocs/nagpra14.htm
http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/kennewick_man.html
http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/nagpraforbesafterreview.html
M-Sept. 24- Review for Midterm ( you should be finished with both of the assigned texts and up-to-date on web linked material by this day)
W-Sept. 26- First Midterm- Federal Legislation, Regulations, and Programs
HAWAI`I STATE LEGISLATION AND CULTURAL RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
M-Oct. 1-- Chapter 6E H.R.S., the State Register, and the
Hawai`i Environmental Policy Act (Chapter 343 H.R.S.) and begin to read HAR
275-284 http://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/hpd/hphrs.htm
W-Oct. 3- Continue reading HAR 275-284
M-Oct. 8- Video- Na wai e ho`ola i na iwi? (Who will save the bones?)
W-Oct. 10—Hawaii State’s Burials program/Island Burial Councils
(tentative guest lecture) read Burial Program Administrative rules (in PDF) at http://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/hpd/hpgreeting.htm
M.-October 15-- Tentative Guest Lecture-
Read Patrick Kirch’s address in the Journal, Hawaiian Archaeology, and skim the responses to the Address (on reserve in the library)
W-Oct. 17- Tentative Guest Lecture
M-Oct. 22- Tentative Guest Lecture
W-Oct 24-Tentative Guest Lecture
M- Oct. 29- Tentative Guest Lecture
W. Oct. 31—A case study of compliance with 6E and the DEIS Process: The power of community initiatives http://www.savepunaluu.org/index2.html
M-Nov. 5-- Midterm Review
W. Nov. 7– Second Midterm
M- Nov. 12- Holiday- Veteran’s Day
W-Nov. 14- Presentations
M-Nov. 19- Presentations
W-Nov. 21- Presentations
M-Nov. 26- Presentations
W-Nov. 28- Presentations
M- Dec. 3--Presentations
W- Dec. 5-Course Evaluation, Review, and Conclusion
TERM PROJECTS DUE
FINAL EXAM Monday December 10, 2:00-4:00pm
This is the first day of finals.
Term Project: “Adopt a Site”
Each term project will differ based upon the site chosen. The overall goal will be to record a cultural site for inclusion in the state inventory, possibly for listing in the State Register (the nomination forms can be downloaded from the Historic Preservation Division Web page: http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/hpd/hpgreeting.htm ). The list of tasks provided below are some typical things that get done in CRM while considering a site for listing in the Register. You must choose a site and submit a proposal to me by September 10. A word on burials: out of respect for the Hawaiian community, I would generally prefer that you avoid choosing a project that focuses on the study of Hawaiian burials unless it is your own kuleana. If, however, you contact members of the Big Island Burial Council and they approve such an undertaking, then it may be considered. You must do this early in the semester in order to complete the project in a timely manner. If you choose a site that is primarily something other than a burial site and you unexpectedly identify human remains in your survey (such as bones in a lava tube), stop your investigation immediately and we will follow appropriate procedures for the reporting of unmarked human remains. I expect you to keep a log of your time and activities related to the project that will be the equivalent of two hours a week (one weekend day of 8 hours would cover you for a month). In addition to the log, the following information should be gathered for your submission at the end of the class if it is appropriate to your project (see me to discuss):
I. Basic Locational information
1) Name, address, phone # of property owner
Is access restricted or open to the public?
2) Tax Map Key designation
3) Ahupua`a and translation of ahupua`a name
4) Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates
5) Site location plotted on a U.S.G.S. map (copy)
6) Closest Town
7) Nearest road and access directions
II. Background Information
1)Was the site initially located through an avocational collector, property owner, CRM survey, field-school, or other means?
2)Interview local residents or knowledgeable informants about the area. Is there anyone with first-hand knowledge of the site’s use? Obtain written permission from the informant if you choose to use their material.
3)Check for any publications or archaeological surveys that may have mentioned this site before, and develop a bibliography for your report.
4)Even if you can’t find any specific information on this particular site, what can you learn about the general history of land-use in this particular area (both prehistorically and historically)?
III. Age
How old do you think this site is and why? Are there artifacts present that are typical of the prehistoric period? Are there artifacts present from the historical period? Do you expect this site was used for a short period of time, or is there evidence that it was used over a long period of time or for more than one purpose? What dating techniques may be applied here (C-14, ceramic typology, age of volcanic flows, etc...)?
IV. Physical Characteristics
1) If appropriate, complete a tape-and-compass surface map of the site. Use metric measurements. Be sure to include a north arrow (magnetic north), scale, and reference to a prominent site datum. This assignment will take a good portion of your 2-hours per week to complete well. Examples of good tape-and-compass maps will be provided.
2)Describe present vegetation- Hawaiian names and Latin names for all plants that you can determine. List number of unidentified plants as well as those that you identified.
3)Describe the soil type. Use standard descriptions from USDA soil series maps. Is the site built on bedrock, shallow soil or deep soil? If possible determine the depth of the soil through observations of erosional banks or possibly a small soil core.
4)Is there any evidence of midden or other archaeological deposits in the soil? If so, describe them (BUT DON’T COLLECT ANYTHING). If the site involves stone construction, describe the stones (size, waterworn?, `a`a, pahoehoe, etc..) and the closest possible source of such stones. Provide sketches or photographs of artifacts that you feel may be particularly diagnostic. Be certain to include the location of these items in your tape-and-compass map.
5)Describe the landform (flat stream terrace, gently sloping pahoehoe flow, pu`u, lava tube, kipuka, slope of volcanic shield, etc). Give % slope of ground.
6)What is the closest source of water and how far away is it?
V. Site Function
Based upon II, III, and IV, what do you expect the function(s) of the site to have been?
VI. Site Significance
Apply the criteria of eligibility for the National and/or Hawaii State Register of Historic Places to the site, and make an argument regarding whether or not the site could be determined eligible for listing on either register.
VII. Site Management
1)What is the integrity of the site? Are walls knocked down from cattle? Is erosion destroying a portion of it? Is there recent trash present? Are there any signs of looting? Classify the cumulative effects of site integrity as either undisturbed, good, fair, or destroyed.
2)What is the significance of the site based upon National Register criteria of eligibility. Discuss each of the criteria individually in relation to your site.
3)What are the surrounding land use patterns (e.g. open recreational land, ranch, Commercial/Industrial, scattered residential, etc...).
4)Describe any potential threats to the site
5)What is the community interest in the site?
6)How may community interest help protect the site or threaten its integrity?
7)What are your recommendations for best managing the site?