Chemistry 141

Chapter 2 Lecture Notes

2.1:

• Saturated vs. unsaturated (any double or triple bonds?)
• Alkenes = double bonds
• Alkynes = triple bonds

2.2:

• When naming compounds, find the longest chain containing the double or triple bond, and use this as the basis for the molecule name
• Start numbering that longest chain from the end closest to the double or triple bond, and indicate in the name of the compound where the double or triple bond occurs (give position number)

2.3:

• Double bonds can allow either cis or trans isomerism to exist, but ONLY IF THE TWO GROUPS ATTACHED TO EACH SIDE OF THE DOUBLE BOND ARE DIFFERENT

2.4:

• Alkenes and alkynes are chemically reactive at the site(s) of multiple bonds

2.5:

• Addition rxns
• Elimination rxns
• Substitutions rxns
• Rearrangement rxns

2.6:

• Addition yields a saturated product
• Hydrogenation needs a metal catalyst (which metals? J )
• Halogenation
• Hydrohalogenation, and Markovnikov’s Rule (ß VERY IMPORTANT for all asymmetric additions)
• Hydration (what type of catalyst? ….what product?)

2.7:

• Know the ‘addition reaction’ mechanism

2.8:

• Know definitions of polymers, monomers, and memorize the simpler repeating units and reaction

2.9:

• FYI: Benzene will be the most widely encountered aromatic in this course
• Understand ‘aromaticity’, what resonance structures are and why we use them

2.10:

• Learn to name substituted benzenes, when to call it a substituent (phenyl group), and what the positional prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- mean
• Know the most common aromatic compound (Table 2.2)

2.11:

• Stability of the aromatic ring structure makes SUBSTITUTION the most common type of reaction for these molecules
• Nitration
• Halogenation
• Sulfonation